Description: This paper discusses the need for actuarial judgment to be used in conjunction with statistical analysis in the calculation of incurred but not reported IBNR claim reserves.

Description: Pricing small group medical coverage under reform laws using debit manual and risk factors. Issue No. 45.

Description: The process of setting initial and renewal premium rates for small group medical block of business using risk characteristics. Presents three pricing schemes and compares profitability Following the Curve, Lowest Best Rate and Highest Worst Rate.

Description: Overview of plans designed to cover out-of-pocket medical costs as a supplement to major medical coverage.

Description: This panel focuses on the current social and economic issues of health insurance within Canada and the U.S., with particular issues in the United States. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1960, Vol. 12, No. 34.

Description: Synopsis of the report of the SOA Medical Effectiveness Task Force, which discusses the concept of health plan performance measurement and the contribution actuaries can make to this.

Description: Pricing Small Group Medical Coverage Renewal Pricing regression to the mean, blending of experience and manual rates, small group reform laws. Issue No. 40.

Description: This paper explores how change in societal forces can affect the systems for providing security including private pensions, social security, life insurance and health insurance. The societal forces examined are changes in family, role of women, inflation and the age composition of population. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1978, Vol. 30.

Description: Presented at April 1986 Spring Meeting. This session discussion is about the impact of wellness programs on medical plan experience/non-medical plan experience, health status as a pricing variable, likely future developments.

Description: Exploration of sources of volatility in retiree health valuations, noting how volatility arises and might be mitigated, with discussion of valuation parameters more problematic for retiree health benefits than for pensions. Three significant influences on retiree health valuation volatility are covered-- changes in benefit level, fluctuations in cost level, and alterations in eligibility for, or duration of, benefit – and attention focused on the last two. Specific conclusions result in recommendations, which are supported by practical examples contrasting volatile measurement results with those likely from the recommended practices. Theoretical discussion includes health claim variation, health trend usage, financial economics, option pricing, discount rates, and deterministic vs. stochastic modeling.